Endoscopic ultrasonography can diagnose distal biliary strictures without a mass on computed tomography

Table 3 Malignant strictures correctly judged as malignant on EUS

Final diagnosis	EUS findings	n (%)
Peripancreatic cancer (n = 8)	Mass adjacent to the stricture site in the pancreas head	8 (100)
	Disruption of the bile duct by the mass	6 (75)
	Continuation into adjacent structures	6 (75)
	Invasion of the main pancreatic duct	5 (62.5)a
	LN swelling	4 (50)
	Ascites	1 (12.5)
Biliary cancer (n = 6)	Mass adjacent to the stricture site in the pancreas head	6 (100)
	Disruption of the bile duct by the mass	5 (83.3)
	Continuation into adjacent structures	5 (83.3)
	Invasion of the main pancreatic duct	0 (0)
	LN swelling	3 (50)
Cancer of the ampulla of Vater (n = 2)	Mass mainly located on the luminal side	2 (100)
	Infiltration of the muscularis propria by the mass	2 (100)
	LN swelling	1 (50)

^aP = 0.026 vs Biliary cancer. EUS: Endoscopic ultrasonography; LN: Lymph nodes.