Systematic review and meta-analysis of Saccharomyces boulardii in adult patients

Figure 2 Schematic of intestinal tract, illustrating the different potential mechanisms of action of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb). On the left, effects of different pathogenic microbes are depicted. On the right, seven different protective effects of S. boulardii are depicted. Within the lumin of the intestine, S. boulardii may degrade toxins of pathogens, interfere with pathogenic adherence, modulate normal microbiota and preserve normal intestinal physiology. S. boulardii may also indirectly restore normal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) balance. S. boulardii may also increase secretory IgA (sIgA) levels or act as an immune regulator by influencing cytokine levels.