Association of the GNAS1 T393C polymorphism with tumor stage and survival in gastric cancer

Table 4 Summary of the effect of the GNAS1 T393C polymorphism on various carcinomas

Cancer type	Yr	n	Effect	Benefit (survival)
Gastric cancer	2009	122	The present study demonstrates a significant survival benefit for the TT genotype with a 5-yr-survival rate of 56.9% vs the CC/CT group with a 5-yr-survival rate of only 36.7% (P = 0.043)	TT-genotype
Squamous cell cancer of larynx[15]	2008	157	Survival was significantly dependent on the T393C genotype in advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages (III-IV) with higher 5-yr survival rates for TT, followed by TC and CC (P = 0.0437)	TT-genotype
Oro- and hypo-pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma[16]	2008	202	C homozygous patients displayed a higher risk for disease progression than T homozygous patients (P = 0.019) and a higher risk for death (P = 0.015). In multivariate analysis, besides cancer stage and tumor localization, the T393C polymorphism was an independent prognostic factor for disease progression and death	TT-genotype
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma[11]	2006	150	Tumor progression, development of metastasis and tumor-related death was significantly associated with the T393C polymorphism. In multivariate analysis CC patients were at highest risk for progression or tumor-related death compared with T-allele carriers (P = 0.018)	TT-genotype
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia[17]	2006	144	Median progression-free survival was significantly higher for T-allele carriers (P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, the T393C polymorphism kept its prognostic independence (P = 0.01) besides of ZAP-70 (P = 0.005) and Binet stage (P < 0.001). Regarding overall survival, CC genotypes were significantly at highest risk for death compared to T-alleles both in univariate (P < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.002)	TT-genotype
Bladder cancer[10]	2005	254	Progression-free survival (P = 0.011), metastasis-free survival (P = 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (P = 0.014) were significantly increased in TT genotypes compared with CC genotypes. In multivariate analysis, the T393C polymorphism kept its prognostic independence	TT-genotype
Sporadic colorectal cancer[12]	2005	151	In UICC stages I to II, the 5-yr survival rate was significantly (P = 0.009) higher in TT genotypes (88%) compared with TC (71%) and CC genotypes (50%). In multivariate analysis, the T393C polymorphism was also an independent prognostic factor. No significant effect could be seen for UICC stages III to IV	TT-genotype
Cholangio-carcinoma[14]	2007	87	Disease-specific overall survival was significantly dependent on the T393C genotype (P = 0.02), with TT genotypes showing reduced survival compared to patients carrying at least one C allele. In multivariate analysis (TT/C+) the T393C genotype kept its prognostic independence (P = 0.04)	CC-genotype
Breast carcinoma[13]	2007	279	Overall survival was significantly (P = 0.033) associated with the T393C polymorphism with lowest survival rates for the TT-genotype and highest survival rate for the CC-genotype. In multivariate analysis, the TT-genotype still had a significant survival benefit compared to the CC genotype (P = 0.045)	CC-genotype
Esophageal cancer[28]	2009	51	T393C polymorphism was significantly associated with tumor response to Cisplatin/5-FU-based radiochemotherapy. 63% of the T allele carriers had a minor histopathologic response (MiHR) with more than 10% residual vital tumor cells in resection specimens. For the CC genotype MiHR was seen only in 20%. In binary logistic regression analysis, the T393C genotype kept its independence (P < 0.05)	CC-genotype