Barrier-focused intervention to increase colonoscopy attendance among nonadherent high-risk populations

Table 2 Barrier-focused intervention program

Barriers	Special measures	General measures
Subjective barriers	Explanation and education
“Not at risk for CRC”: no symptoms	Explain benefits and importance of screening, and give results of previous screening	Answering questions about the screening
Fear of finding cancer	Explain that early detection of CRC leads to good prognosis	Reminding of upcoming appointments
Fear of complications or perforation	Explain that complications in colonoscopy examination are rare	Arranging on-site consultations from the physician and epidemiologists if necessary
Embarrassment	Ensure that the patient’s confidence will be well protected	Providing guidance
Objective barriers	Improving objective condition
Intolerance of pain	Arranging painless colonoscopy1
Lack of time on working days	Arranging examination at weekends
Intolerance of bowel preparation	Simplifying bowel preparation
Inconvenience and complexity of colonoscopy procedure	Providing guidance

¹Painless colonoscopy: Intravenous general anesthesia was performed during colonoscopy.