Lymphovascular invasion in rectal cancer following neoadjuvant radiotherapy: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Demographic details of patients and tumor characteristics

	PRT n = 103	Control n = 222	P value
Sex
Male	62	130	0.875
Female	41	92
Age (yr)1	56 (52-61)	57 (53-64)	0.232
Distance of tumor from anal verge
< 5 cm	35	53	0.061
5-12 cm	68	169
Surgery
APR	27	55	0.564
LAR	71	161
CR	5	6
Preoperative serum CEA level
Normal	52	121	0.691
Abnormal	35	65
Unknown	16	36
Pretreatment TNM stage (%)
I (T1-2 N0)	0 (0)	43 (19.4)	< 0.01
IIA (T3 N0)	25 (24.3)	63 (28.4)
IIB (T4 N0)	4 (3.9)	5 (2.3)
IIIA (T1-2 N1)	3 (2.9)	8 (3.6)
IIIB (T3-4 N1)	33 (32.0)	43 (19.4)
IIIC (AnyT N2)	38 (36.9)	60 (27.0)
Pathologic TNM stage (%)
I (T1-2 N0)	35 (34.0)	55 (24.8)	0.377
IIA (T3 N0)	27 (26.2)	62 (27.9)
IIB (T4 N0)	1 (1.0)	1 (5.0)
IIIA (T1-2 N1)	6 (5.8)	7 (3.2)
IIIB (T3-4 N1)	18 (17.5)	45 (20.3)
IIIC (AnyT N2)	16 (15.5)	52 (23.4)
Histological differentiation (%)
High	4 (3.9)	29 (13.1)	< 0.01
Moderate	70 (68.0)	156 (70.3)
Poor	24 (23.3)	27 (12.2)
Mucinous and signet	5 (4.9)	10 (4.5)
LVI (%)
Present	22 (21.4)	58 (26.1)	0.353
Absent	81 (78.6)	164 (73.9)
Disease progression (%)
Local Recurrence	6 (5.8)	32 (14.4)	0.025
Distant Metastasis	22 (21.4)	47 (21.2)	0.969
Death	24 (23.3)	66 (29.7)	0.228

¹Values are medians (interquartile ranges). PRT: Preoperative radiotherapy.