Perianal disease, small bowel disease, smoking, prior steroid or early azathioprine/biological therapy are predictors of disease behavior change in patients with Crohn’s disease

Table 2 Clinical factors associated with behavior change from inflammatory to complicated disease behavior n (%)

Factor	Prevalence without behavior change	Prevalence with behavior change	P-value	OR	95% CI
Disease location
L1	19 (13.9)	17 (27.9)
L2	55 (40.1)	18 (29.5)	0.04	-	-
L3	63 (46)	25 (41)
L4	0	1 (1.6)
Perianal disease	30 (22.2)	30 (49.2)	< 0.001	3.4	1.78-6.46
Frequent relapses	18 (13.1)	19 (31.1)	0.003	3.0	1.43-6.23
Disease duration (> 10 yr)	28 (20.4)	35 (57.4)	< 0.001	5.3	2.7-10.1
Smoking	51 (37.2)	32 (52.5)	0.04	1.9	1.02-3.45
Steroid use	106 (77.4)	59 (96.7)	0.001	8.6	2.00-37.3
Early azathioprine use	79 (57.7)	24 (39.3)	0.017	0.48	0.26-0.88
Early azathioprine/biological use	83 (60.6)	25 (41)	0.01	0.45	0.24-0.84
Need for operation	19 (13.9)	37 (60.7)	< 0.001	9.6	4.72-19.4