Specific probiotics alleviate allergic rhinitis during the birch pollen season

Table 5 Alteration of the fecal microbiota composition during the birch pollen season

	March		April/May		June
	Placebo	Probiotic	Placebo	Probiotic	Placebo	Probiotic
Eubacterium4	2.7 × 109 (0.3 × 109)	2.5 × 109 (0.4 × 109)	1.8 × 109 (1.0 × 109)	1.6 × 109 (0.2 × 109)2	2.00 × 109 (0.2 × 109)	1.9 × 109 (0.3 × 109)
Bifidobacterium4	5.0 × 108 (5.0 × 108)	3.5 × 108 (3.3 × 108)	2.1 × 108 (0.4 × 108)2	1.6 × 108 (0.3 × 108)1	2.50 × 108 (0.4 × 108)	2.0 × 108 (0.2 × 108)
Bacteroides4	4.9 × 108 (3.5 × 108)	5.4 × 108 (3.2 × 108)	2.3 × 108 (0.4 × 108)2	1.7 × 108 (0.3 × 108)1	1.30 × 108 (0.2 × 108)	1.5 × 108 (0.4 × 108)
Clostridium4	1.4 × 108 (1.0 × 108)	1.5 × 108 (0.3 × 108)	0.7 × 108 (0.2 × 108)2	0.8 × 108 (0.2 × 108)1	1.30 × 108 (0.3 × 108)2	1.6 × 108 (0.2 × 108)1
Akkermansia4	1.3 × 108 (0.2 × 108)	1.3 × 108 (0.2 × 108)	1.2 × 108 (0.2 × 108)	1.1 × 108 (0.1 × 108)	0.90 × 108 (0.2 × 108)	1.1 × 108 (0.2 × 108)
B. lactis5	2.6 × 107 (1.7 × 107)	1.5 × 107 (1.3 × 107)	0.1 × 107 (0.1 × 107)	11.2 × 107 (4.2 × 107)13	0.01 × 107 (0.05 × 107)	2.6 × 107 (1.0 × 107)13
L. acidophilus NCFM5	1.0 × 106 (0.8 × 106)	0.7 × 106 (0.5 × 106)	0.2 × 106 (0.1 × 106)1	3.5 × 106 (1.3 × 106)3	0.02 × 106 (0.1 × 106)	4.2 × 106 (2.4 × 106)3

¹Significantly different from previous time point; P < 0.01.

²Significantly different from previous time point; P < 0.05.

³Significantly different from placebo; P < 0.01.

⁴Determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).

⁵Determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Data are expressed as mean (SE), microbes/g feces.