Antidiabetic therapy and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease

Table 1 Frequency of type 2 diabetes mellitus in HCC, LC and control groups

Subjects (n)	DM2 -ve n (%)	DM2 +ve n (%)	OR (95% CI)	P
Total
HCC(465)	320 (68.8)	145 (31.2)	3.12 (2.2-4.4)a	< 0.001
Controls (490)	428 (87.3)	62 (12.7)	2.09 (1.5-2.9)c	< 0.001
LC (618)	474 (76.7)	144 (23.3)
Males
HCC (364)	246 (67.6)	118 (32.4)	3.14 (2.1-4.6)b	< 0.00001
Controls (385)	334 (86.7)	51 (13.3)	1.99 (1.3-2.9)d	0.000
LC (450)	341 (75.8)	109 (24.2)
Females
HCC (101)	74 (73.3)	27 (26.7)	3.11 (1.3-7.4)e	0.002
Controls (105)	94 (89.5)	11 (10.5)	2.59 (1.2-5.9)f	0.008
LC (168)	133 (79.2)	35 (20.8)

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

^aP < 0.001, HCC group vs control group;

^bP < 0.00001, HCC group vs control group;

^cP < 0.001, LC group vs control group;

^dP = 0.0002, LC group vs control group;

^eP = 0.002, HCC group vs control group;

^fP ≤ 0.008, LC group vs control group.