Review
Copyright ©2009 The WJG Press and Baishideng.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 21, 2009; 15(15): 1809-1815
Published online Apr 21, 2009. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.1809
Table 2 Mechanisms of action of olive oil on fatty liver
MechanismComponent involved
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effectsOleic acid
Phenolic compounds
Anti-oxidants:Oleic acid
Decrease lipid peroxidationPhenolic compounds: hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, caffeic acid, o-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (3,4-DHPEA).
Decrease oxidative DNA damage
Modulation of transduction pathways:Oleic acid
Decreases arachidonic acidPhenolic compounds: protocatecuic acid
Inhibits lipooxygenaseHydroxytyrosol
Inhibits HMG-CoA reductaseSqualene
Decreases RAS activationSqualene
Regulation of gene expression in liver regeneration:Oleic acid
Minor compounds
(Oleic acid inhibits δ6-desaturase which decreases PGE2 and inhibits liver regeneration)
Change in membrane fluidity and membrane peroxidation (estrogen modulator, regulates G protein)Oleic acid
Lignans