Alcohol-induced protein hyperacetylation: Mechanisms and consequences

Table 3 Deacetylases expressed in the liver

Class	Enzyme	In liver? (methods)	Location	Substrates
I	HDAC1	Yes (RT-PCR, IB, IHC, activity)	Nucleus	Histones, p53, retinoblastoma, STAT3, androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, Smad7, other transcription factors
	HDAC2	Yes (RT-PCR)	Nucleus	Histones, STAT3, other transcription factors
	HDAC3	Yes (RT-PCR, IB, activity)	Nucleus	Histones, STAT3, Smad7, other transcription factors
	HDAC8	Yes (RT-PCR)	Nucleus Cytoplasm	Histones, transcription factors, smooth muscle actin
II	HDAC4	Yes/No (RT-PCR)	Nucleus Cytoplasm	Transcription factors
	HDAC5	Yes (RT-PCR)	Nucleus Cytoplasm	Transcription factors
	HDAC6	Yes (RT-PCR, IB, IF)	Cytoplasm	Tubulin, cortactin, HSP90
	HDAC7	No	Nucleus Cytoplasm	HIFα, other transcription factors
	HDAC9	No	Nucleus Cytoplasm	Transcription factors
	HDAC10	Yes (RT-PCR)	Nucleus Cytoplasm	Phosphatase pp1
III	SirT1	Yes (RT-PCR, IB)	Nucleus	Histones, PGC-1α, LXR, p53, other transcription factors
	SirT2	Yes/No (RT-PCR, IB)	Cytoplasm	Histone H4, tubulin
	SirT3	Yes (RT-PCR, IB)	Mitochondria	Acetyl CoA synthetase 2, glutamine dehydrogenase, ICDH2
	SirT4	Yes (RT-PCR)	Mitochondria	Glutamine dehydrogenase
	SirT5	Yes (RT-PCR)	Mitochondria	Cytochrome c
	SirT6	Yes (RT-PCR)	Nucleus	DNA polymerase β
	SirT7	Yes (RT-PCR)	Nucleus	RNA polymerase I
IV	HDAC11	Unknown	Nucleus	Unknown

IB: Immunoblotting; IHC: Immunohistochemistry; IF: Immunofluorescence; HIFα: Hypoxia-inducible factor α; LXR: Liver x receptor; ICHD2: Isocitrate dehydrogenase.