Guidelines Clinical Practice
Copyright ©2009 The WJG Press and Baishideng.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 7, 2009; 15(1): 25-37
Published online Jan 7, 2009. doi: 10.3748/wjg.15.25
Table 1 Causes of gastroparesis
Causes
IdiopathicMedications: opiates, anticholinergics, β-adrenergics, Ca-channel blockers, glucagon, THC, alcohol, tobacco, etc
Surgical causesVagotomy and gastric resection/drainage
Fundoplication, esophagectomy
Gastric bypass surgery
Whipple procedure
Heart/lung transplant
InfectionsViruses-EBV, varicella, parvovirus-like
Chagas disease
Clostridium Botulinum
Central nervous system disordersCerebrovascular accidents/trauma
Tumors
Labyrinthine disorders
Seizures
Peripheral nervous system disordersParkinson's disease
Guillain-Barre
Multiple sclerosis
Dysautonomias
Neuropsychiatric disordersAnorexia nervosa/bulimia
Rumination syndrome
Rheumatologic diseaseScleroderma
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Polymyositis/dermatomyositis
Endocrine and metabolism diseasesDiabetes
Hypothyroidism
Parathyroid disease
Electrolyte disorders
Renal failure
Pregnancy
Neoplastic(para)-breast, small cell lung, pancreas
Misc. neuromuscular diseasesAmyloidosis
Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction
Myotonic dystrophy