Prevalence of celiac disease in adult patients with refractory functional dyspepsia: Value of routine duodenal biopsy

Table 1 Clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings of enrolled patients (n = 726)

Dyspepsia	Non CD (%)	CD (%)	OR	95% CI	P
	n = 711	n = 15
Sex (female; male)	434 (61.0)	10 (66.7)	1.28	0.45-3.60	0.6
	277 (39)	5 (33.3)
Mean age (yr)	39.5 ± 14.5	39.9 ± 11.2	1.86	0.71-4.65	0.3
Type of dyspepsia
Dysmotility-like dyspepsia (DD)	336 (47.2)	8 (53.3)	1.27	0.47-3.42	0.6
Indeterminate dyspepsia (ID)	273 (38.4)	7 (46.7)	2.21	0.82-5.97	0.1
Ulcer-like dyspepsia (UD)	102 (14)	0
Endoscopic findings
Normal	437 (61.2)	7 (46.7)			/
Peptic lesion	149 (20.5)	/
Malignancy	4 (0.5)	/
Miscellaneous	121 (16.7)	/
CD		8 (53.3)

Overall prevalence: 2.01% (95% CI 1.2-3.3). Endoscopic evaluation: Sensitivity: 34.8% (95% CI 17.2-57.2); Specifity: 100% (95% CI 17.2-57.2); PPV: 100% (95% CI 59.8-100); NPV: 97.9% (95% CI 96.5-98.8).