Different effects of ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and obestatin on gastroduodenal motility in conscious rats

Figure 4 Des-acyl ghrelin and gastroduodenal motility. A: Effects of iv injection of des-acyl ghrelin on the fasted and fed motor activities of the antrum and duodenum. Iv injection of des-acyl ghrelin decreases the frequency of phase III-like contractions in the antrum, but not in the duodenum. Iv injection of des-acyl ghrelin does not affect fed motor activity in both antrum and duodenum. ^aP < 0.05; B: The density of c-Fos-positive cells in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is increased by ip injection of des-acyl ghrelin compared to saline-injected control, whereas that in the NTS is not altered; C: The decreased frequency of phase III-like contractions induced by iv injection of des-acyl ghrelin is restored to normal in pretreatment of nonselective CRF receptor antagonist astressin and the selective CRF type 2 receptor antagonist antisauvagine-30, but not CRF type 1 receptor antagonist NBI-27914. ^dP < 0.01, ^fP < 0.001 compared with a.