Role of sex steroid receptors in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 2 Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of estrogen receptor in liver tissue samples from HCC patients

Method	ER subtype	n	Subjects	Positive cases	Country	Yr	Reference
ISH	ERα Wt	15	12 M, 3 F	11	Italy	1993	[40]
RT-PCR	ERα Wt	14	7 M, 7 F	1 M, 7 F	Italy	1995	[51]
RT-PCR	ERα delta5 variant	14	7 M, 7 F	7 M, 3 F	Italy	1995	[51]
RT-PCR	ERα Wt	40	25 M, 15 F	16 M, 12 F	Italy	1998	[18]
RT-PCR	ERα delta5 variant	40	25 M, 15 F	20 M, 10 F	Italy	1998	[18]
RT-PCR	ERα Wt	42	35 M, 7 F	20 M, 5 F	Italy	2003	[19]
RT-PCR	ERα delta5 variant	42	35 M, 7 F	37	Italy	2003	[19]
RT-PCR	ERβ Wt	42	35 M, 7 F	12 M, 4 F	Italy	2003	[19]
RT-PCR	ERα Wt	28	NA	25	China	2004	[45]
RT-PCR	ERα delta5 variant	28	NA	27	China	2004	[45]
RT-PCR	ERα Wt	32	23 M, 9 F	23 M, 9 F	Korea	2006	[52]
RT-PCR	ERα delta5 variant	32	23 M, 9 F	21 M, 9 F	Korea	2006	[52]
RT-PCR	ERβ Wt	32	23 M, 9 F	26	Korea	2006	[52]

ER: Estrogen receptor; ISH: In situ hybridization; RT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; Wt: Wild type; n: Sample size; M: Male; F: Female; NA: Information not available.