Pancreatic fistula after pancreatectomy: Evolving definitions, preventive strategies and modern management

Table 2 Pancreatic anastomotic failure (PAF) as described by Strasberg et al

Definition: “Drainage of greater than 50 mL amylase-rich fluid (> 3-fold elevation above upper limit of normal in serum) per day through the drains on or after postoperative d 10, or pancreatic anastomotic disruption shown radiographically”
Grade 1	Deviation from normal postoperative course without pharmacologic, endoscopic, surgical or radiologic intervention (certain drugs allowed)
Grade 2	Pharmacologic treatment needed. Includes blood transfusions and total parenteral nutrition
Grade 3 (a/b)	Surgical, endoscopic or interventional radiologic treatment needed
	a: Not under general anesthesia	b: Under general anesthesia
Grade 4 (a/b)	Life threatening complications and organ dysfunction
	a: Single organ	b: Multi-organ
Grade 5	Death due to PAF