Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Figure 5 Pharmacological signaling inhibitors interfere with Bifidobacterium breve Bb99 induced cytokine production in moDCs. moDCs were left untreated or treated with different pharmacological inhibitors for 30 min prior to stimulation with Bb99 (bacteria:host cell ratio of 40:1). Cell culture supernatants from four blood donors were collected at 24 h after stimulation, and cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. The used inhibitors were: p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB202190, PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, ERK MAP kinase inhibitor PD98059, NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), and NFAT inhibitor cyclosporinA (CsA). Inhibitor concentrations decrease from left to right.