Metabolic syndrome is associated with erosive esophagitis

Table 4 Associations of grade of erosive esophagitis, according to LA classification, with risk factors for erosive esophagitis n (%)

	Control (n = 3358)	A (n = 1326)	B (n = 328)	C or D (n = 25)	P for linear trend
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	45.2 ± 9.7	44.8 ± 9.7	46.4 ± 9.3	49.9 ± 10.7	0.094
Males	1991 (59)	1122 (85)	300 (92)	22 (88)	< 0.001
Current smoking	786 (23)	554 (42)	162 (49)	8 (32)	< 0.001
Alcohol use (≥ 3-4/wk)	387 (12)	251 (19)	101 (31)	8 (32)	< 0.001
Hiatal hernia	24 (0.2)	32 (2)	3 (1)	3 (12)	< 0.001
Reflux symptoms1	265 (8.0)	141 (11)	50 (15)	3 (12)	< 0.001
Metabolic syndrome	433 (13)	255 (19)	87 (27)	10 (40)	0.001
Fatty liver on Abdominal USG	1014 (30)	625 (47)	166 (51)	18 (72)	< 0.001
HOMA2 (mean ± SD)	2.18 ± 0.89	2.39 ± 1.10	2.50 ± 1.10	2.70 ± 1.12	0.007

¹Reflux symptoms: Weekly heartburn and/or acid regurgitation;

²HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment estimates steady state beta cell function and insulin sensitivity.