Metabolic syndrome is associated with erosive esophagitis

Table 2 Multivariate analyses of the risk for erosive esophagitis by gender, smoking, hiatal hernia, reflux symptoms, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver on abdominal USG and HOMA

	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	P
Gender	0.29	0.25-0.35	< 0.001
Current smoking	1.60	1.39-1.83	< 0.001
Alcohol use (≥ 3-4/wk)	1.80	1.53-2.14	< 0.001
Hiatal hernia	3.27	1.87-5.70	< 0.001
Reflux symptoms1	1.57	1.28-1.94	< 0.001
Metabolic syndrome	1.25	1.04-1.49	0.017
Fatty liver on abdominal USG	1.39	1.20-1.60	< 0.001
HOMA2	0.91	0.85-0.98	0.011

¹Reflux symptoms: Weekly heartburn and/or acid regurgitation;

²HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment estimates steady state beta cell function and insulin sensitivity.