Metabolic syndrome is associated with erosive esophagitis

Table 1 Comparisons between participants with and without erosive esophagitis (n = 5037)

	With erosive esophagitis (n = 1679)	Without erosive esophagitis (n = 3358)	P
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	45.2 ± 9.3	45.2 ± 9.7	0.873
Gender (M/F, %)	86/14	59/41	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	24.8 ± 2.9	23.5 ± 3.0	< 0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	86.8 ± 8.7	81.5 ± 9.8	< 0.001
Current smoking	724 (43%)	786 (23%)	< 0.001
Alcohol use (≥ 3-4/wk)	360 (21%)	387 (12%)	< 0.001
Metabolic syndrome	352 (21%)	433 (13%)	< 0.001
Hiatal hernia	38 (2.2%)	24 (0.7%)	< 0.001
Reflux symptoms1	194 (12%)	265 (8.0%)	< 0.001
Systolic BP (mmHg)	118.3 ± 12.7	114.8 ± 13.5	< 0.001
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	77.7 ± 8.8	74.8 ± 9.5	< 0.001
Fatty liver on abdominal USG	809 (48%)	1014 30%)	< 0.001
Fasting plasma glucose	98.4 ± 20.5	95.2 ± 17.2	< 0.001
HbAlc	5.6 ± 0.7	5.5 ± 0.6	0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL, mean ± SD)	158.9 ± 110.4	123.5 ± 78.6	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dL) (mean ± SD)	54.1 ± 12.0	56.4 ± 12.8	< 0.001
HOMA2	2.41 ± 1.10	2.18 ± 0.89	< 0.001
H pylori positive	211/555 (38%)	498/922 (54%)	< 0.001
Education (college and higher)	894/1184 (75%)	1639/2391 (69%)	< 0.001

¹Reflux symptoms: Weekly heartburn and/or acid regurgitation;

²HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment estimates steady state beta cell function and insulin sensitivity.