Incidence of gallstone disease in Italy: Results from a multicenter, population-based Italian study (the MICOL project)

Table 4 Risk factors for GD

Factor OR (95% CI)	Gallstones not previously diagnosed (n = 312)	Gallstones previously diagnosed (n = 112)	Cholecystectomized (n = 61)
Men
Age	1.03 (1.01-1.05)	1.05 (1.02-1.07)	1.01 (0.97-1.06)
BMI	1.06 (1.01-1.11)	1.03 (0.97- 1.10)	1.07 (0.96-1.06)
HDL cholesterol	0.99 (0.97-1.004)	0.98 (0.96-1.00)	1.00 (0.97-1.03)
Cholesterol	0.99 (0.99-1.00)	0.99 (0.98-0.99)	1.00 (0.99-1.01)
Triglycerides	1.00 (0.99-1.00)	1.00 (1.00-1.01)	0.99 (0.99-1.00)
Diabetes	1.75 (1.04-2.96)	1.60 (0.77-3.32)	2.72 (0.89-8.33)
Peptic ulcers	1.11 (0.69-1.77)	2.53 (1.52-4.20)	3.38 (1.48-7.72)
Myocardial infarction	0.99 (0.99-1.00)	1.27 (0.38-4.23)	1.43 (0.18-11.18)
Women
Age	1.01 (1.00-1.03)	1.04 (1.02-1.07)	0.98 (0.94-1.02)
BMI	1.08 (1.04-1.12)	1.05 (1.00-1.11)	1.07 (0.99-1.15)
HDL cholesterol	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.98 (0.97-1.00)	0.98 (0.95-1.00)
Cholesterol	0.99 (0.99-1.00)	1.00 (0.99-1.00)	1.00 (1.00-1.01)
Triglycerides	1.00 (0.99-1.00)	0.99 (0.99-1.00)	0.99 (0.99-1.00)
Diabetes	1.10 (0.58-2.09)	0.48 (0.14-1.58)	1.00 (0.22-4.49)
Peptic ulcers	0.67 (0.34-1.34)	0.70 (0.28-1.76)	3.55 (1.57-8.04)
Myocardial infarction	1.83 (0.99-1.00)	3.15 (0.70-14.18)	12.82 (2.69-60.94)

OR calculated by logistic regression analysis; regression coefficients, corresponding standard errors, and P values for single factors and interactions, significantly associated with gallstones.