Evaluation of mannitol effect in patients with acute hepatic failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure using conventional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy

Table 6 Summary of fractional anisotropy values (mean ± SD) from different white and gray matter regions in controls, patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) before the intravenous infusion of mannitol (pre-mannitol study) and after receiving mannitol (post-mannitol study)

Region	Study
	Control (n = 5)			ALF patient (n = 5)			ACLF patient (n = 5)
	Pre-mannitol	Post-mannitol	P	Pre-mannitol	Post-mannitol	P	Pre-mannitol	Post-mannitol	P
ALIC	0.36 ± 0.05	0.37 ± 0.04	0.60	0.30 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.02	0.47	0.32 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.02	0.56
PLIC	0.49 ± 0.05	0.48 ± 0.05	0.60	0.33 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.01	0.12	0.45 ± 0.03	0.40 ± 0.03	0.08
CN	0.11 ± 0.00	0.11 ± 0.00	0.47	0.09 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.60	0.08 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.56
P	0.09 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.92	0.06 ± 0.01	0.07 ± 0.01	0.92	0.06 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.01	0.15
TH	0.15 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.01	0.12	0.12 ± 0.00	0.12 ± 0.01	0.92	0.14 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.03	0.77
FWM	0.31 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.03	0.92	0.30 ± 0.03	0.32 ± 0.07	0.92	0.32 ± 0.04	0.36 ± 0.07	0.56
OWM	0.38 ± 0.06	0.38 ± 0.07	0.92	0.38 ± 0.04	0.37 ± 0.05	0.92	0.35 ± 0.04	0.31 ± 0.02	0.15
CC	0.53 ± 0.04	0.54 ± 0.06	0.92	0.44 ± 0.06	0.45 ± 0.02	0.35	0.50 ± 0.04	0.51 ± 0.05	0.77
Cingulum	0.36 ± 0.03	0.37 ± 0.04	0.75	0.44 ± 0.07	0.41 ± 0.03	0.25	0.38 ± 0.03	0.36 ± 0.03	0.56
Frontal cortex	0.12 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.00	0.47	0.12 ± 0.04	0.12 ± 0.04	0.60	0.14 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.02	0.08
Parietal cortex	0.12 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.75	0.11 ± 0.01	0.10 ± 0.01	0.75	0.14 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.03	0.39
Occipital cortex	0.11 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.03	0.47	0.14 ± 0.05	0.10 ± 0.03	0.25	0.10 ± 0.05	0.13 ± 0.03	0.39

ALIC: Anterior limb of internal capsule; PLIC: Posterior limb of internal capsule; CN: Caudate nuclei; P: Putamen; TH: Thalamus; FWM: Frontal white matter; OWM: Occipital white matter; CC: Corpus callosum.