Clinical Research
Copyright ©2008 The WJG Press and Baishideng.
World J Gastroenterol. May 28, 2008; 14(20): 3159-3164
Published online May 28, 2008. doi: 10.3748/wjg.14.3159
Table 2 Classification of surgical complications in RHLD
Patients IDComplications/TreatmentClassification of surgical complications Clavien annals of surgery 2004Frequency (%) of complication for every classification grade
1JP retained in the abdomen/RelaparotomyGrade IIIb13.04
2Edema, ascites/NoneGradeI21.74
3Prolonged hyperbilirubinemia/NoneGradeI
4Fluid collection/Percutaneous drainageGrade IIIa17.39
5Biliary leak /ERCP with stent placementGrade IIIb, d21.74
6Transient portal vein thrombosis/EnoxaparinGrade II13.04
7Bilateral massive pleural effusion/Percutaneous drainageGrade IIIa
8Colitis by CD/MetronidazoleGrade II
9Biliary leak/ERCP (stent placement)Grade IIIb, d
10Mild pleural effusion/NoneGradeI
11Intrabdominal fluid collection/Percutaneous drainageGrade IIIa
12JP retained in the abdomen/RelaparotomyGrade IIIb
13Intrabdominal fluid collection; biliary leak/Percutaneous drainage; ERCP (sphincterotomy)Grade IIIb
14Intrabdominal fluid collection; biliary leak/Percutaneous drainage; ERCP (sphincterotomy and stent placement)Grade IIIb, d
15Intrabdominal fluid collection/Percutaneous drainageGrade IIIa
16Prolonged hyperbilirubinemia/NoneGradeI
17Intraabdominal fluid collection; Biliary leak/Percutaneous drainage, ERCP (sphincterotomy, stent placement X 3, acute pancreatitis, PTBD placement)Grade IIIb, d/Grade IV4.35
18Pulmonary embolism and iliac vein thrombosis/AnticoagulationGrade IV4.35
19Moderate pleural effusion; intraabdominal fluid collection/Percutaneous drainage; percutaneous drainageGrade IIIa- Grade IIIa, d4.35
20Biliary leak/ERCP (Sphincterotomy, endoscopic stent placement failure); PTBDGrade IIIb, d
21Intraabdominal fluid collection; biliary leak, moderate pleural effusion/Percutaneous drainage; ERCP (sphincterotomy, endoscopic stent placement); percutaneous drainageGrade IIIb, d
22Prolonged hyperbilirubinemia/NoneGradeI
23Fever/Antibiotic treatmentGrade II