Is obesity associated with gastropharyngeal reflux disease?

Table 2 Results of esophageal manometry according to the body mass index (mean ± SE)

	Body mass index (kg/m2)			P value
	< 23 (n = 344)	23-25 (n = 231)	> 25 (n = 194)
Proximal esophageal amplitude (mmHg)	59.6 ± 1.7	60.1 ± 2.0	62.1 ± 2.4	0.650
Distal esophageal amplitude (mmHg)	75.1 ± 2.0	79.5 ± 2.9	90.2 ± 3.1a	< 0.001
LES pressure (mmHg)	20.9 ± 0.4	20.3 ± 0.5	20.6 ± 0.6	0.711
LES length (cm)	3.3 ± 0.0	3.3 ± 0.0	3.3 ± 0.0	0.636
Peristalsis (%)	96.5 ± 0.6	95.2 ± 0.8	96.1 ± 0.7	0.640
Manometric diagnosis				0.440
Normal	143	80	84
Diffuse esophageal spasms	4	1	1
Nutcracker esophagus	16	15	17
Hypertensive LES	2	2	2
Ineffective esophageal motility	103	74	52
Nonspecific esophageal motility disorder	76	59	38

Post hoc analysis using Tukey's HSD:

^aP < 0.05 vs BMI < 23 and BMI 23-25.