Intraoperative ultrasound as an educational guide for laparoscopic biliary surgery

Table 4 Early and late results

Outcome	Before routine use (n = 368)	Routine use (n = 276)	P
Early complication, n (%)
BDI	4 (1.1)	0	0.08
Arterial bleeding requiring clips	9 (2.4)	5 (1.8)	0.59
Postoperative bleeding	2 (0.5)	1 (0.4)	0.74
Surgical site infection	1 (0.3)	1 (0.4)	0.84
Re-operation	11 (0.3)	12 (0.4)	0.84
Hospital death	13 (0.3)	0	0.39
Postoperative treatment for duct stone	74	25	0.19
Hospital stay (d)	5.4 ± 5.7	4.4 ± 2.6	0.006
Late complication (> 1 yr), n (%)
Bile duct recurrence	1 (0.3%)	0	0.39
Bile duct stricture	0	0	-

¹Open hemostasis of postoperative bleeding from the liver bed;

²Laparoscopic hemostasis of a small arterial bleeding at the port site;

³Brain stem infarct on POD 4;

⁴All treated with percutaneous cholangiofiberscopic lithotripsy through preoperatively-established sinus tracts;

⁵Both treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy.