A combination therapy of ethanol injection and radiofrequency ablation under general anesthesia for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 2 A case of HCC located on the reverse surface of the liver (S2 of the liver) treated with L-EI-RFA. A HCC (2 cm in diameter) showed an enhancement in early vascular phase of helical dynamic CT (A); RFA electrode and PEI needle were firstly inserted from the surface of the liver (B) and secondly inserted from the reverse surface of the liver (C); After injecting the ethanol containing 15% lipiodol, RFA was performed. Dynamic CT after the treatment showed lipiodol deposit associated with the original tumor and low density area was observed around the tumor (D); Laparoscopic observation of the tumor from the surface (E) and from the reverse surface (F) of the liver after the treatment.