Growth factor receptors and related signalling pathways as targets for novel treatment strategies of hepatocellular cancer

Table 1 Agents for anti-EGFR-based therapy of solid tumours

Name	Target	Mechanism	Current status
Small molecule inhibitors
Gefitinib (Iressa)	EGFR	Reversibly acting tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Approved for NSCLC with restricted indications
			PhaseIfor HCC[133]
Erlotinib (Tarceva)	EGFR	Reversibly acting tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Approved for NSCLC and pancreatic cancer
			Phase II for hepatocellular cancer[33]
EKB-569	EGFR	Irreversibly acting tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Phase I/II for colorectal cancer[134]
			Phase II for NSCLC[135]
Lapatinib (Tykerb)	EGFR, erbB2	Reversibly acting tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Phase III for breast cancer
			Phase II for HCC[136]
Canertinib (CI-1033)	Pan-erbB	Irreversibly acting tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Phase II for SCC and ovarian cancer[137]
BMS-599626	EGFR, erbB2	Reversibly acting tyrosine kinase inhibitor	Phase II for HCC [138]
Monoclonal antibodies
Cetuximab	EGFR		Approved for colorectal cancer
			Phase III for head and neck cancer, NSCLC and pancreatic cancer
			Phase II for HCC[139]
Trastuzumab	erbB2		Approved for breast cancer
ABX-EGF	EGFR		Phase III for colorectal-, head and neck-, and renal cell cancer
Matuzumab (EMD 72 000)	EGFR		Phase I/II for NSCLC[140], ovarian-[141], pancreatic cancer[142]