Effects of hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei on apoptosis and proliferation of gastric mucosal cells induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats

Figure 3 Effect of electrical stimulation of PVN on gastric mucosal damage induced by I/R at different times in rats. Sham: sham-operation(electrode was inserted, with no current passing and no artery clamped); GI/R: gastric ischemia/reperfusion was maintained for 30 min, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h after 30 min of ischemia, respectively; PVN + GI/R: electrical stimulation of the PVN plus GI/R. Values: Each column represents mean ± SE (n = 6). ^bP < 0.01 vs sham; ^aP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01, PVN + GI/R vs GI/R at different times.