Effects of hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei on apoptosis and proliferation of gastric mucosal cells induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats

Figure 2 Effect of electrical stimulation and bilateral electrolytic destruction of PVN on gastric mucosal damage induced by I/R at 1 h after reperfusion in rats. Intact: normal rat; sham: sham-operation (electrode was inserted, with no current passing and no artery clamped); ES + N: intact stomach after electrical stimulation of the PVN. EL + N: intact stomach after bilateral electrolytic destruction of the PVN; GI/R injury: gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury; Sham+GI/R injury: sham electrical stimulation of the PVN plus GI/R injury; ES: electrical stimulation of the PVN plus GI/R injury; EL: bilateral electrolytic destruction of the PVN plus GI/R injury. Values of GMDI are mean ± SE (n = 6). ^bP < 0.01 vs intact, ^dP < 0.01 ES vs ES + N, ^fP < 0.01 EL vs EL + N, ^aP < 0.05, ES vs GI-R, ^cP < 0.05, EL vs ES.