Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease among Chinese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination

Table 7 Association between variables determined using univariate analysis: NERD (n = 237) vs non-GERD (n = 1530) patients

Variables	NERDn (%)	P	OR	Univariate (95% CI)
				Low	High
Age (yr)
> 65	29/162 (17.90)	0.08	1.46	0.96	2.25
≤ 65	208/1605 (13.00)
Gender
Male	117/941 (12.40)	0.198	0.84	0.64	0.10
Female	120/826 (14.50)
Working burden
Heavy	19/102 (8.60)	0.547	1.10	0.81	1.48
Moderate	110/786 (14.00)	0.119	1.54	0.89	2.66
Mild	91/704 (12.90)
Marital status
Divorced/ widowed	1/9 (11.10)	0.007	0.5	0.30	0.83
Single	18/227 (7.90)	0.762	0.73	0.09	5.83
Married	200/1360 (14.70)
Excessive eating
Yes	98/557 (17.60)	< 0.0001	1.71	1.27	2.29
No	113/1017 (11.10)
Routine intake of greasy food
Yes	102/489 (20.90)	< 0.0001	2.29	1.71	3.07
No	112/1084 (10.30)
Routine intake of spicy food
Yes	84/400 (21.00)	< 0.0001	2.06	1.52	2.78
No	135/1180 (11.40)
Routine intake of acidic beverage
Yes	42/282 (14.900	0.41	1.17	0.81	1.68
No	167/1280 (13.00)
Routine intake of strong tea
Yes	41/235 (17.40)	0.043	1.47	1.01	2.14
No	167/1329 (12.60)
Routine intake of sweet food
Yes	94/552 (17.00)	0.001	1.67	1.24	2.25
No	110/1004 (11.00)
Heavy smoking
Yes	56/409 (13.70)	0.802	1.04	0.75	1.45
No	155/1174 (13.20)
Excessive alcohol
Yes	61/379 (16.10)	0.078	1.34	0.97	1.85
No	151/1203 (12.60)
Routine intake of coffee
Yes	5/56 (8.90)	0.36	0.65	0.26	1.64
No	197/1498 (13.20)
Constipation
Yes	55/249 (22.10)	< 0.001	2.14	1.51	3.01
No	153/1305 (11.70)

GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; NERD: Non-erosive reflux disease.