Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease among Chinese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination

Table 6 Association between variables determined using univariate analysis: Reflux esophagitis (n = 464) vs non-GERD (n = 1530) patients

Variables	REn (%)	P	OR	Univariate (95% CI)
				Low	High
Age (yr)
> 65	77/210 (36.70)	< 0.0001	2.09	1.55	2.82
≤ 65	387/1784 (21.70)
Gender
Male	322/1146 (28.10)	< 0.0001	1.94	1.56	2.43
Female	142/848 (16.70)
Working burden
Heavy	45/128 (35.20)	0.353	0.90	0.71	1.13
Moderate	189/865 (21.80)	0.006	1.74	1.17	2.59
Mild	191/804 (23.80)
Marital status
Divorced/ widowed	5/13 (38.50)	< 0.0001	0.48	0.33	0.70
Single	34/243 (14.00)	0.283	1.85	0.60	5.69
Married	392/1552 (25.30)
Excessive eating
Yes	147/606 (24.30)	0.346	1.12	0.89	1.41
No	259/1163 (22.30)
Routine intake of greasy food
Yes	129/516 (25.00)	0.090	1.23	0.97	1.57
No	263/1235 (21.30)
Routine intake of spicy food
Yes	112/428 (26.20)	0.037	1.31	1.02	1.69
No	283/1328 (21.30)
Routine intake of acidic beverage
Yes	76/316 (24.10)	0.593	1.08	0.81	1.44
No	326/1439 (22.70)
Routine intake of strong tea
Yes	108/302 (35.80)	< 0.0001	2.28	1.74	2.98
No	284/1446 (19.60)
Routine intake of sweet food
Yes	131/589 (22.20)	0.769	0.97	0.76	1.22
No	265/1159 (22.90)
Heavy smoking
Yes	153/506 (30.20)	< 0.0001	1.75	1.38	2.22
No	252/1271 (19.80)
Excessive alcohol
Yes	124/442 (71.90)	0.003	1.45	1.13	1.85
No	283/1335 (21.20)
Routine intake of coffee
Yes	21/72 (29.20)	0.167	1.44	0.86	2.43
No	371/1672 (22.20)
Constipation
Yes	67/261 (25.70)	0.275	1.18	0.87	1.60
No	336/1488 (22.60)

GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease.