Is there a genetic signature for liver metastasis in colorectal cancer?

Table 1 Summary of gene expression profile studies related to CRC liver metastasis

Source for transcription profile comparisons	Authors	Signature	Prediction
Primary tumors (Stage II and III)	Bertucci et al[11]	46 gene set	Lymph Node (+)
Primary tumors (Dukes C)	Arango et al[12]	Two different gene sets	Survival
Primary tumors (Stage II and III)	Barrier et al[13]	30 gene set	Lymph Node (+)
Primary tumors (Stage II and III)	Komuro et al[14]	Gene set	Stage Classification
Primary tumors (Stage II and III)	Kwon et al[15]	60 gene set	Lymph Node (+)
Primary tumors (Dukes B)	Wang et al[16]	23 gene set	Recurrence
Primary tumors (Stage II to IV)	D´Arrico et al[17]	37 gene set	Distant Recurrence
Primary tumors and matched metastases	D´Arrico et al[17]	GnT-IV gene1	Liver Metastasis
Primary tumors and matched metastases	Koehler et al[18]	Not found	Liver Metastasis
Primary tumors and matched metastases	Agrawal et al[20]	11 gene set	Metastasis (including liver)
CRC cell lines2	Hegde et al[21]	11 gene set	Metastatic potential
CRC cell lines2	[11-14,16,17,22]	Individual genes3	Metastatic potential

¹Mannosyl (alpha-1, 3-)-glycoprotein beta-1, 4-N-acetyl-glucosaminyl-transferase, which was found up-regulated in CRC liver metastases compared to primary CRC tumors;

²Comparing SW480 to SW620;

³Down-regulation of Cadherin 17 (CDH17)[11,22], Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)[14,17], Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan-5-monooxygenase activation protein (YWHAH)[12,16], DEK oncogene (DEK)[11,12] and GATA binding protein (GATA6)[11,14], up-regulation of Linker for activation of T cells (LAT)[14,16] and Protein Kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic alpha (PRKACA)[12,14], and altered expression of IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1)[11,12], Tumor protein 53 (TP53)[11,12], Oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1)[11,12], Interferon regulatory factor (IRF2)[11,14], Retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB)[11,12] and Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10)[12,13].