CTGF, intestinal stellate cells and carcinoid fibrogenesis

Figure 2 A: Triple color staining of nuclei (blue-DAPI), CgA (green-Alexa 488) and CTGF (red-Cy5) in a SI carcinoid tumor from the carcinoid TMA. Staining for both CgA and CTGF was cytoplasmic. Dual-stained (CgA + CTGF) cells are yellow. A majority of CgA cells (about 80%) were also CTGF positive (x 400); B: Triple color staining of nuclei, serotonin (green-Alexa 488) and CTGF in a carcinoid tumor from the TMA. Staining for both Serotonin and CTGF was cytoplasmic. Dual-stained (Serotonin + CTGF) cells are yellow. A majority of the serotonin cells (about 95%) were also CTGF positive. (x 600); C: Triple color staining of nuclei (blue-DAPI), cytokeratin (green - Alexa 488) and TGFβ1 (red-Cy5) in a carcinoid tumor from the TMA. Staining for TGFβ1 was cytoplasmic. A majority of the carcinoid tumor cells (cytokeratin-positive) (about 85%) were also TGFβ1 positive (x 200).