Severe acute pancreatitis: Clinical course and management

Table 1 Severe acute pancreatitis: Gut barrier dysfunction causes local changes and systemic complications

Local	Systemic consequences
Mucosal ischemia[10,15,16]	Priming of neutrophils[20-22]
Disruption of mucosal epithelial integrity[17]	Endotoxemia[14,23,24]
Reperfusion injury of mucosal epithelia[18]	Bacterial translocation[25-27]
Increase of intestinal permeability[19]	Cytokine overproduction[1,2,28]
Gram-negative intestinal bacterial	Impaired systemic immunity[29,30]
overgrowth[11]
Impaired mucosal immunity[11]