Impaired contractility and remodeling of the upper gastrointestinal tract in diabetes mellitus type-1

Figure 6 The computed esophageal stiffness (circumferential [alpha] constant) of the mucosa, submucosa-muscle interface and outer surface are illustrated. The solid grey bars represent the controls, while the grey-white bars represent the diabetic patients. The stiffness tends to be higher in the diabetic patients and is normalized during smooth muscle relaxation with butylscopolamine. This indicates an increased esophageal resting tone in diabetes. The computed duodenal stiffness is also illustrated. Mean and SEM values are shown.