Pancreatic sphincterotomy: Technique, indications, and complications

Table 1 Indications for endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy (EPS)

EPS as primary therapy

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD)

-Pancreatic SOD

-Biliary SOD unresponsive to biliary sphincterotomy

Chronic pancreatitis with papillary stenosis/stricture

Pancreas divisum (EPS of the minor papilla)

EPS to facilitate a further intervention

Chronic pancreatitis treated with pancreatic stent and/or stone removal

Pancreatic pseudocyst treated with transpapillary drainage

Resection of an ampullary adenoma

Pancreatic fistula treated with stent placement

Pancreatic disease due to malignancy

-Primary pancreatic cancer causing strictures, stones, pseudocysts

-Metastatic disease to the pancreas causing strictures, stones,