Review
Copyright ©2007 Baishideng Publishing Group Co.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2007; 13(24): 3301-3310
Published online Jun 28, 2007. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i24.3301
Table 1 Macroscopic and endoscopic ultrasound features of the submucosal tumors
Endo-scopicalSizeDistinctbordersUlcerLayerFormEchogenecityNumberConsistency
Leiomyoma[3,21,22,29,32,63,101-105]Umbilicated< 5 cmYesCentral or normal mucosa4th (2nd)SmoothHomoHypo-Firm
Granular cell tumor[4,22,28,60,62,63,106-108]Yellow< 2 cmMostly noNo2nd, 3rd, 4thSessile polyps, nodules or plaquesMosaicHypoS (M)Very firm
Ectopic pancreas[4,13,21,22,31,64,66]Duct opening1-4 cmYes (no)No3rd,4th (2nd, 5th)Sessile, hemisphericalPerhaps heteroHyperSFirm
Schwannoma [19,22,28,58,95,109]Spherical (multi- nodular)3 cm (0.5-10 cm)Yes (sometimes fibrous capsule)No4th (3rd)Round/oval (multinodular)(Homo)Hypo, bull's eye5S (M)-
Lipoma[4,13,21,22,29,32,67,110,111]Yellow-Yes, pseudocapsuleMost often intact mucosa, but ulcers do occur3rd (4th, 5th)Polypoid, discrete, roundHomoHyperSSoft, compressible
3Neurofibroma [28,50,68,74,112]Some times long segments of nodular thickeningFew mm. up to a meterYes, often macroscopicallyNoMay involve all layersFusiform, diffuse, "ropelike" or "bag of worms"Hetero-MRubbery or firm
Vascular[4,13,21,28,29,73,113]Lymph- angiomas: yellowDepending on typeYesNo2nd, 3rd; cavernous may involve all layersRound/ oval/ wavyHomoAn-/hyper1M/SLiquid/soft
Leiomyosarcoma [21,22,32,43,72,78]Exophytic> 3 cmIrregularDeep ulcer (> 5 mm)2nd, 4thNodular, polypousHeteroAn- areas2SSofter than leiomyomas
Kaposi’s sarcoma [4,43,63,85]Red-purpleVarying (see text)-Often ulceration and bleeding1st, 2nd, 3rdMaculopapular/ nodular/ polypous--M/S-
Metastases[6,22,86,114]Endo-/ exophytic-NoYes/NoAll layersVolcanolesions, nodules, polyps, linitis plasticaDepends on the primary tumor-M/S-
GIST[4,13,19,22,50,93]Varying> 2 cmYes/noOccasionally4th (2nd, 3rd, 5th)Elliptical, multilobular/ pedunculated; smooth/nodularHomo/ hetero4Hypo, bull's eye5S3Friable