Diet, H pylori infection and gastric cancer: Evidence and controversies

Table 2 Epidemiological prospective cohort studies on association between dietary factors and GC (1990-2004)

Author	Yr	Geographic area	Subjects n	FU yr	Increased risk	Decreased risk	No effect
Chyou PH21	1990	USA (Hawaii)	8006	18	--	Green/ cruciferous vegetables, fruit	--
Kneller RW22	1991	USA	17633	20	Carbohydrates, salted-fish, bacon, cooked cereals, milk	--	--
Kato I23	1992	Japan	9753	6	Alcohol, broiling meat	Fruit	--
Nomura A24	1995	USA (Hawaii)	8006	25	--	Fruit, vegetables	Alcohol
Dorant E25	1996	The Netherlands	120852	3.3	--	Onions	Leek, garlic
Goldbohm RA26	1996	The Netherlands	120852	4.3	--	--	Black tea
Ocke MC27	1998	The Netherlands	12763	25	--	Vegetables, fruit, fiber-rich cereals	--
Terry P28	1998	Sweden	11946	25	--	Fruit, vegetables	--
Galanis DJ29	1998	USA (Hawai)	11907	14.8	Coffee	Fruit, raw vegetables	Pickled vegetables, dried/salted fish
Knekt P30	1999	Finland	9985	24	--	--	Nitrates, nitrites, NDMA
Jansen MC31	1999	Netherlands	12000	25	Refined grains	Fruit	Vegetables
							Whole grain
Botterweck AA32	2000	The Netherlands	120852	6.3	Retinol, carotene	Vit. C	Folate, Vit. E, carotene, lycopene, fibers, Vit. A, BHA, BHT
Tsubono Y33	2001	Japan	26311	8	--	--	Green tea
McCullough ML34	2001	USA	1200000	14	Vegetables1	Vegetables, citrus fruit, whole grain2	--
Nagata C35	2002	Japan	33304	7	--	Soy products	--
Ngoan LT36	2002	Japan	13000	10	Processed meat, cooking oil, pickled food, soup	Green/yellow vegetables, fruit, cuttle-fish, tofu, potatoes	--
Kobayashi M37	2002	Japan	39993	10	--	Fruit, vegetables	--
Masaki M38	2003	Japan	5765	10	Meat pattern	Vegetable and fruit pattern	--
					Rice/snack pattern	Western breakfast pattern
Khan MM39	2004	Japan	3158	18	Carbonated drink/juice1	Miso soup2	--
Kim MK40	2004	Japan	42 112	10	Traditional dietary pattern	Healthy dietary pattern1	--
Sasazuki S41	2004	Japan	72 743	11	--	Green tea1	--
1EPIC42-44	2006	Europe	521 457	6.6	Red and processed meat, ENOC	Plasma vitamin C Total vegetable intake Onion, garlic	Dietary Vitamin C

¹Effect limited to women;

²Effect limited to men; FU: follow-up; NDMA: N-nitrosodimethylamine. EPIC: European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study; BHA: butylated hydroxyanisole; BHT: butylated hydroxytoluene (cooking fats, oils, mayonnaise, creamy salad dressing, dried soup); ENOC: endogenous nitroso compounds.