Telerobotic-assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer: Report of the first case in Hong Kong and China with an updated literature review

Table 2 Published studies comparing telerobotic-assisted colorectal surgery using the da Vinci surgical system versus conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery

First author (yr)	Procedures	Number of patients	Total operative time	Blood loss (mL)	Complications	Hospital stay (d)	Remarks
Delaney et al[20] (2003)	RH, SC, rectopexies	Telerobotic 6	216.5 mina	100	1 atelectasis	3	Additional direct equipment costs of US$ 350 per case for telerobotic surgery
		Laparoscopic 6	150 mina	87.5	1 incisional hernia	2.5
D'Annibale et al[21] (2004)	Partial/total colectomies and rectal resections	Telerobotic 53	240 min	21	1 reoperation for bowel injury	10	Significantly longer setup time in the telerobotic group
		Laparoscopic 53	222 min	37	1 reoperation for bleeding	10
Woeste et al[22] (2005)	SC for sigmoid diverticulitis	Telerobotic 4	236.7c	60	1 (25%)	/	/
		Laparoscopic 23	172.4c	58.9	5 (21.7%)	/
Pigazzi et al[23] (2006)	TME for rectal cancer	Telerobotic 6	4.4 h	104	1 prolonged ileus	4.5	Telerobotic surgery caused less strain for surgeons
		Laparoscopic 6	4.3 h	150	1 pelvic abscess	3.6

RH: Right hemicolectomy; SC: Sigmoid colectomy; TME: Total mesorectal excision.

^aP < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney U test;

^cP < 0.05 by Student’s t-test. No significant differences were noted in all the other parameters.