Telerobotic-assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer: Report of the first case in Hong Kong and China with an updated literature review

Table 1 Published case series and reports on telerobotic-assisted colorectal surgery using the da Vinci surgical system

First author (yr)	Country	Types and number of surgery					Operative time (min)	Conversion to open (number)	Complications
		RH	SC	AR/LAR	APR	Others
Hashizume et al[10] (2002)	Japan		1			1 ileocaecal resection (IC)	IC: 335	0	None
						1 left hemicolectomy (LH)	SC: 180
							LH: 265
Weber et al[11] (2002)	USA	1	1				RH: 228	0	None
							SC: 340
Giulianotti et al[12] (2003)	Italy	5	1	6	2	2 ileocaecal resections	Mean 211	0	1 leak after AR
Vibert et al[13] (2003)	France		1	1		1 Hartmann reversal (HR)	SC: 330	0	1 prolonged ileus after LAR
							LAR: 450
							HR: 360
Talamini et al[14] (2003)	USA					17 'bowel resections'	Not clear	Not clear	Not clear
Braumann et al[15] (2005)	Germany	1	2	2			Mean 201	2	None
Ruurda et al[16] (2005)	Netherlands					5 ileocaecal resections	Median 95	0	1 bowel injury during rectopexy
						2 sigmoid colostomies	Median 75		1 wound infection after IC
						16 rectopexies	Median 150
Rawlings et al[17] (2006)	USA	17	13				RH: 219	2	6 complications, including 2 bowel injuries and 1 leak
							SC: 225
Present case	Hong Kong, China				1		240	0	None

USA: United States of America; RH: Right hemicolectomy; SC: Sigmoid colectomy; AR: Anterior resection; LAR: Low anterior resection; APR: Abdominoperineal resection.