Sphincter-preserving R0 total mesorectal excision with resection of internal genitalia combined with pre- or postoperative chemoradiation for T4 rectal cancer in females

Table 2 Impact of chemoradiation on intra- and postoperative variables

Parameter	Preoperative	Postoperative	P
Surgery duration	155 min	137 min	NS
Intraoperative blood loss ≥ 1 L	1	1	NS
Intraoperative bowel perforation	Absent	Absent	-
Postoperative bladder disturbances	3	2	NS
Postoperative anorectal dysfunction	6	5	NS
Minimal distal clearance	10.6 mm	9.5 mm	NS
Minimal radial clearance	4.2 mm	1.1 mm	< 0.01

NS: not significant.