Eubacterium limosum ameliorates experimental colitis and metabolite of microbe attenuates colonic inflammatory action with increase of mucosal integrity

Figure 3 Inhibition of response to TNF -alpha (25 ng/mL) induced the mRNA level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in T84 by exposure to butyrate. Cells were treated with 0 to 2.0 mmol/L sodium butyrate for 6 hr prior to extraction of RNA and real time PCR (RT-PCR). RT-PCR was performed with specific primers and probs for indicated receptor components and housekeeping gene beta-actin. All data were normalized to the expression of beta-actin, and presented as % value of control (without TNF-alpha treatment). Data is expressed as means ± SD.