Exploitation of the nicotinic anti-inflammatory pathway for the treatment of epithelial inflammatory diseases

Figure 3 Periodontitis in a male smoker, age 55. A: An anterior view of the mouth of a male smoker, age 55. The teeth have some staining and visible plaque. The gingivae are receded and some root surfaces are exposed. The gingivae in the upper jaw are relatively uninflamed and appear pink and fibrous in contrast to the red and swollen appearance in the lower anterior jaw; B: Radiographs of the lower anterior teeth. One tooth exfoliated a few months before. The remaining incisor teeth have advanced bone loss almost to the apices. Loss of these teeth is almost inevitable.