Relationship between the severity of hepatitis C virus-related liver disease and the presence of Helicobacter species in the liver: A prospective study

Table 2 Factors associated with Helicobacter DNA presence in the liver

Factor	Helicobacter DNA		P
	Present	Absent
Patients (n)	12	41
Age (yr)	46 ± 13	54 ± 13	0.05
Gender (M/F)	5/7	12/29	NS
Route of transmission
Transfusion	3 (25%)	12 (29%)
IVDU	3 (25%)	11 (27%)	NS
Other or unknown	6 (50%)	18 (44%)
Duration of infection (yr) (n = 36)	18 ± 7	21 ± 8	NS
Alcohol intake (g/d)	5 ± 8	14 ± 24	NS
AST (xULN)	2.2 ± 2.1	1.9 ± 1.5	NS
ALT (xULN)	2.7 ± 2.9	2.0 ± 1.5	NS
GGT (xULN)	1.3 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 1.2	NS
HCV genotype
1	9 (75%)	23 (56%)
2/3	2 (17%)	13 (24%)	NS
Other	1 (8%)	5 (20%)
HCV viral load (IU/mL)	663 824 ± 569 933	972 157 ± 1 388 853	NS
Histological lesions (Metavir score)
Activity
A0-1	4 (33%)	12 (29%)
A2-3	8 (67%)	29 (71%)	NS
Fibrosis
F0-2	7 (58%)	32 (78%)
F3-4	5 (42%)	9 (22%)	NS

IVDU: Intravenous drug use; ULN: Upper limit of normal value; NS: Not significant.