DA-9601, a standardized extract of Artemisia asiatica, blocks TNF-α-induced IL-8 and CCL20 production by inhibiting p38 kinase and NF-κB pathways in human gastric epithelial cells

Figure 2 DA-9601 inhibits the expression and secretion of CCL20 in AGS cells. (A) AGS cells (1 x 10⁵) were treated with various concentrations of DA-9601 (0-100 μg/mL) for 16 h. Quantitative analysis of cell viability was determined by the MTT assay (mean ± SD., n = 3). (B) Cells (5 x 10⁵) were pretreated with various concentrations of DA-9601 (0-100 μg/mL) for 1 h, and then the cells were further incubated for 8 h with TNF-α (5 ng/mL). Levels of IL-8 and CCL20 mRNAs were determined by RT-PCR. (C) Cells (5 x 10⁵) were pretreated with various concentrations of DA-9601 (0-100 μg/mL) for 1 h, and then the cells were further incubated for 16 h with TNF-α (5 ng/mL). IL-8 and CCL20 protein levels were determined by ELISA. These data are representative of three independent experiments.