Non invasive fibrosis biomarkers reduce but not substitute the need for liver biopsy

Table 5 Indirect non invasive markers of liver fibrosis

Authors	Liver disease	Biomarker	Description	Rationale
Giannini[85]	HCV, NAFLD	AAR	AST to ALT ratio	AST and ALT levels increase with progressive fibrosis
Wai[86] Macias[87]	HCV, HIV/HCV	APRI	AST to platelet ratio	Statistical association with liver fibrosis
Forns[88] Macias[87]	HCV, HIV/HCV	Forns’ index	Combination of age, platelet, γGT, cholesterol	Statistical association with liver fibrosis
Islam[89]	HCV	GUCI	Combination of AST, INR, platelet	Statistical association with liver fibrosis
Imbert-Bismut[90] Myers[91] Myers[92] Naveau[66]	HCV, HIV/HCV, HBV, AFLD	Fibrotest	Combination of α2M, ApoA1, bilirubin, γGT, haptoglobin	Statistical association with liver fibrosis
Sud[93]	HCV	FPI	Combination of HOMA-IR, age, cholesterol, AST, alcohol intake	Statistical association with liver fibrosis
Callewaert[94]	CLDs (mostly HCV)	Glycocirrho test	Profiles of serum protein N-glycans	Glycoproteins are produced mainly by hepatocytes

NAFLD = non alcoholic fatty liver disease; AAR = aspartate to alanine aminotrasferase ratio; α₂M = alfa-2-macroglobulin; ApoA1 = apolipoprotein A1; APRI = AST to platelet ratio index; GUCI = Goteborg University Cirrhosis Index; INR = international normalised ratio; FPI = fibrosis probability index; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; CLDs = chronic liver diseases. γGT = gamma glutamil transpeptidase.