Endoscopic therapies of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Table 2 Procedure characteristics and complications: Pooled data

Variable		Endocinch	NDO Plicator	Stretta	Enteryx	Gatekeeper
Procedure duration (mean)		68 min	20 min	69 min	33 min	35-60 min
Personnel required		1 physician and 2 assistants	1 physician and 2 assistants	1 physician and 2 assistants	1 physician and 2 assistants	1 physician and 2-3 assistants
Sedation required		Conscious sedation 82%	NA	Conscious sedation 100%	Conscious sedation 100%	NA
Approximate no. of procedures performed		4000	NA	4000	2600	225
Major complication	Perforation	0.08%	0.00%	0.13%	0%	0.40%
	Bleeding	0.05%	NA	0.05%	0%	0%
	Hypoxemia	0.08%	0%	0%	0%	0%
	Pleural effusion	0%	0%	0.03%	0.08%	0%
	Pericardial effusion	0%	0%	0%	0.08%	0%
	Aspiration pneumonia	0%	0%	0.05%	0%	0%
	Esophageal abscess	0%	0%	0%	0.04%	0%
	Ulceration over prostheses	0%	0%	0%	0%	0.40%
	Death	0%	0%	0.05%	0.04%	0%
Minor complications		• Sore throat(0.35%)	-	• Superficial mucosal injury	• Garlic odor for several hours(due to DMSO)	• Sore throat (15%)
		•Chest soreness(0.17%)		• Burn at pad site (0.02%)		• Chest pain (5%)
		• Abdominal pain(0.15%)		• Transient A. fib (0.02%)		• Nausea/ vomiting(0.8%)
					• Chest pain (82%)
		• Bloating(0.02%)		• Bloating (0.02%)		• Erosive duodenitis(0.8%)
					• Transient dysphagia(13%)
				• Gastroparesis and ulcerative esophagitis (0.02%)		• Retrosternal pain (0.4%)
		• Transient dysphagia (0.05%)
					• Belching/ burping	• Poor sleep (0.4%)
				• Low grade fever	• Bloating/ flatulence	• Abdominal pain (0.4%)
		• Bronchospasm(0.01%)		• Transient dysphagia	• Fever
				• Transient chest pain		• Rash (0.4%)
				• Topical anesthesia-related complications(eg. Allergy, hypotension)		• Cough (0.4%)

NA: not available.