Regulation of apoptosis by the papillomavirus E6 oncogene

Table 1 Detection of human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas¹.

Area or Country	HPV positive		Dectection method	Reference
	%	n
Germany	0	0/23	PCR	[90]
Japan	0	0/4	IHC	[91]
Italy	4.4	2/45	PCR	[92]
United States	4.5	1/22	PCR	[93]
Belgium	4.8	1/21	PCR	[94]
Linxian, China	6.7	2/32	PCR	[95]
Japan	16	12/75	PCR	[96]
Northern China	16.8	17/101	PCR	[97]
Northern China	16.9	118/700	ISH	[6]
Cixian, China	20.3	26/128	PCR	[98]
Hungary	39	32/82	PCR	[99]
Japan	42	20/48	PCR	[100]
South Africa	46	23/50	PCR	[101]
Italy	47	8/17	PCR	[102]
Anyang, China	63.3	19/30	PCR	[103]
Shanxi and Anyang, China	64	31/48	PCR	[7]
Guangdong, China	65.5	96/176	PCR	[104]
Beijing, China	70	28/40	ISH	[105]
Northern India	74	20/27	PCR	[106]
Beijing, China	83.3	15/18	PCR	[107]
Mexico	88	20/23	PCR	[14]

PCR, polymerase chain reaction, IHC, immunohistochemistry; ISH, in situ hybridization. 1Only publications after 2000 were indexed in this table since there are numerous reports on the HPV infection status in esophageal carcinomas.