Epinephrine injection therapy versus a combination of epinephrine injection and endoscopic hemoclip in the treatment of bleeding ulcers

Table 3 Clinical outcome measures of the patients in the two treatment groups.

	Epinephrine injection (n = 202), n (%)	Combination therapy (n = 91), n (%)	P value1
Initial hemostasis	199 (98.5)	91 (100)	0.637
Rebleeding	8 (4.0)	10 (11.0)	0.108
Emergency surgery	3 (1.5)	1 (1.1)	0.412
30-d mortality	11 (5.4)	6 (6.6)	0.754

¹P value calculated using multivariate analysis to account for the increased age and increased frequency of chronic renal failure in the group receiving combination therapy.