Involvement of serum retinoids and Leiden mutation in patients with esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers in Hungary

Table 4 Correlation between gastric cytoprotective effects of retinoids, their chemical structure and vitamin A activity in rats

Retinoids	Terminal chemicalstructure	Vitamin Aactivity	Gastric mucosalprevention
Vitamin A	R = a	Yes	Yes
β-Carotene	X = Y = a	Yes	Yes
β-Cryptoxanthin	X = a, Y = b	Yes	Yes
Zeaxanthin	X = Y = b	None	Yes
Lutein	X = b, Y = c	None	None
Capsorubin	X = Y = d	None	None
Capsanthin	X = b, Y = d	None	None
Capsanthol	X = b, Y = e	None	None
Lycopene	X = Y = f	None	None