Involvement of serum retinoids and Leiden mutation in patients with esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers in Hungary

Table 2 Serum retinoid level in patients with different gastrointestinal cancer (mean±SE, μmol/L)

Retinoids	Healthy	Esophageal	Gastric	Liver	Pancreatic	Colon	In situ colon
	subjects	cancer	cancer	cancer	cancer	cancer	cancer
Vitamin A	2.07±0.12	0.14±0.04b	1.02±0.10b	0.75±0.07c	1.68±0.10NS	0.35±0.02c	0.30±002c
α-Carotene	3.93±0.40	3.81±0.50NS	3.85±0.60NS	3.82±0.50NS	3.90±0.40NS	3.80±0.70NS	3.80±0.70NS
β-Carotene	8.59±0.40	7.50±0.30NS	8.01±0.35NS	8.10±0.30NS	8.40±0.40NS	6.80±0.40NS	7.90±0.30NS
α-Cryptoxanthin	4.10±0.50	4.00±0.60NS	3.90±0.50NS	4.00±0.40NS	3.90±0.40NS	4.00±0.30NS	4.00±0.30NS
β-Cryptoxanthin	6.00±0.60	5.90±0.40NS	6.00±0.50NS	5.90±0.40NS	5.90±0.50NS	4.95±0.40NS	4.90±0.30NS
Zeaxanthin	0.14±0.01	0.074±0.007b	0.08±0.004a	0.05±0.005c	0.03±0.002c	0.07±0.004c	0.03±0.002c
Lutein	0.11±0.007	0.10±0.04NS	0.10±0.02NS	0.08±0.007NS	0.06±0.004b	0.010±0.04NS	0.10±0.04NS

NS: not significant,

^aP<0.05,

^bP<0.01,

^cP<0.001 vs each group.